This photo shows the jawfish in association with the mimic octopus -- a case of a fish mimicking an octopus that mimics fish. Credit: Godehard Kopp
The mimic octopus is shown here mimicking a flatfish. Credit: Rich Ross
Nature's game of intimidation and imitation comes full circle in the waters of Indonesia, where scientists have recorded for the first time an association between the black-marble jawfish (Stalix cf. histrio) and the mimic octopus (Thaumoctopus mimicus).
Undescribed by scientists until 1998, the talented mimic octopus is known to impersonate toxic flatfish, lionfish, and even sea snakes by creatively configuring its limbs, adopting characteristic undulating movements, and displaying bold brown-and-white color patterns. Thanks to these brazen habits, it can swim in the open with relatively little fear of predators.
The jawfish, on the other hand, is a small and timid fish. It spends most of its adult life close to a sand burrow, where it will quickly retreat upon sighting a predator.
During a diving trip in Indonesia in July 2011, Godehard Kopp of the University of Gottingen, Germany, filmed an unexpected pairing between the two animals. Like a lackey clinging on to the big man on campus, the black-marble jawfish was seen closely following a mimic octopus as it moved across the sandy bottom. The jawfish had brown-and-white markings similar to the octopus, and was difficult to spot among the many arms. The octopus, for its part, did not seem to notice or care.
Taken in Indonesia in July 2011, this video records for the first time a jawfish in association with a mimic octopus -- a case of a fish mimicking an octopus that mimics fish. Credit: Godehard Kopp
"This is a unique case in the reefs not only because the model for the jawfish is a mimic itself, but also because this is the first case of a jawfish involved in mimicry," said Dr. Luiz Rocha, assistant curator of ichthyology at the California Academy of Sciences. "Unfortunately, reefs in the Coral Triangle area of southeast Asia are rapidly declining mostly due to harmful human activities, and we may lose species involved in unique interactions like this even before we get to know them."
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These findings were published online in Rocha LA, Ross R, Kopp G. 2011. Opportunistic mimicry by a jawfish. Coral Reefs. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-011-0855-y
California Academy of Sciences: http://www.calacademy.org
Thanks to California Academy of Sciences for this article.
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Cool video, but unlike the authors, I don't think my first inclination would be to call this "mimicry." The fish just blends in with the brown-and-white pattern on the octopus, it's not fooling any predators into thinking it *is* an octopus. More like an excellent example of crypsis.
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