One hundred and ninety-nine years after Charles Darwin was born, and 149 years after he published On the Origin of Species, some scientists say that the theory of evolution is due for a revision.
Not a religiously inspired revision -- intelligent designers need not apply. Nobody suggests that genetic mutation and natural selection aren't responsible for the evolution of birds from reptiles or humans from tree-swingers.
But a growing number of scientists do say that neo-Darwinian evolution doesn't explain certain jumps in biological complexity: from single-celled to multicellular organisms, from single organisms to entire communities.
The jumps -- saltations, in complexity parlance -- appear to be non-linear emergent phenomena, the result of networked interactions that produce self-organization at ever higher levels. From this perspective, Darwinian evolution is a mechanism of a higher universal law, perhaps even a variant on the second law of thermodynamics.
I've got an article in the pipeline on the union of complexity theory and evolutionary biology, and over the next few days will publish outtakes from the interviews here. One interviewee was Carl Woese, a titan of 20th century microbiology, who with colleague George Fox reorganized the organismal kingdom from five branches to three.
Woese's experience with bacteria led him to look for an evolutionary framework larger than that provided by Darwin and his intellectual descendants. Bacteria -- which may account for up to half of Earth's biomass -- swap genes without reproducing; with millions residing in a teaspoon of seawater, Woese sees them in terms of networked communities rather than individual cells, and interprets their evolutionary history as driven by the non-linear self-organization that's now being studied at all biological scales.
It's heady stuff, and a lot of the hard science that Woese explained didn't come out well enough in transcription to make sense here. To understand him more completely I highly recommend reading "A New Biology for a New Century," published in 2004 in
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. It's a visionary blend of history and microbiology, and shows that Woese is that rarest of all organisms: a brilliant scientist who can really write.
Update: a follow-up post, "Evolution as Biological Thermodynamics"
Image: The current evolutionary stage of our Charles Darwin Photoshop Tennis Contest
See Also:
- A Brief History of the Superorganism, Part One
- A Brief History of the Superorganism, Part Two
- Thoughts on Ants, Altruism and the Future of Humanity
- Is Homosexuality an Evolutionary Step Towards the Superorganism?
- Honeybee Weapon in War on Cancer
- Life's Complexity Began With Poop
- Evolution as Biological Thermodynamics