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A microbial biorefinery provides new insight into how bacteria regulate genes
Microorganisms that can break down plant biomass into the precursors of biodiesel or other commodity chemicals might one day be used to produce alternatives to petroleum. But the potential of this "biorefinery" technology is limited by the fact that most microorganisms cannot break down lignin, a highly stable polymer that makes up as much as a third of plant
Biochemistry
Source: Brown University
Posted on: Friday, Feb 15, 2013, 2:45pm
Rating: | Views: 2065 | Comments: 0
New details on the molecular machinery of cancer
Researchers with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the University of California (UC) Berkeley have provided important new details into the activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a cell surface protein that has been strongly linked to a large number of cancers and is a major target of cancer therapies.
Biochemistry
Source: DOE/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Posted on: Tuesday, Feb 12, 2013, 4:15pm
Rating: | Views: 1337 | Comments: 0
Protein 'filmed' while unfolding at atomic resolution
By combining low temperatures and NMR spectroscopy, the scientists visualized seven intermediate forms of the CylR2 protein while cooling it down from 25°C to -16°C. Their results show that the most instable intermediate form plays a key role in protein folding. The scientists' findings may contribute to a better understanding of how proteins adopt their structure and misfold during illness.
Biochemistry
Source: Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres
Posted on: Tuesday, Feb 12, 2013, 11:30am
Rating: | Views: 1676 | Comments: 0
Scientists solve mercury mystery
By identifying two genes required for transforming inorganic into organic mercury, which is far more toxic, scientists today have taken a significant step toward protecting human health.
Biochemistry
Source: DOE/Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Posted on: Friday, Feb 08, 2013, 12:45pm
Rating: | Views: 1351 | Comments: 0
Scientists use Amazon Cloud to view molecular machinery in remarkable detail
In this week's Nature Methods, Salk researchers share a how-to secret for biologists: code for Amazon Cloud that significantly reduces the time necessary to process data-intensive microscopic images.
Biochemistry
Source: Salk Institute
Posted on: Monday, Feb 04, 2013, 8:15am
Rating: | Views: 1605 | Comments: 0
Researchers unveil first artificial enzyme created by evolution in a test tube
There's a wobbly new biochemical structure in Burckhard Seelig's lab at the University of Minnesota that may resemble what enzymes looked like billions of years ago, when life on earth began to evolve – long before they became ingredients for new and improved products, from detergents to foods and fuels.
Biochemistry
Source: University of Minnesota
Posted on: Thursday, Jan 31, 2013, 11:15am
Rating: | Views: 2940 | Comments: 0
'Super' enzyme protects against dangers of oxygen
Just like a comic book super hero, you could say that the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD1) has a secret identity. Since its discovery in 1969, scientists believed SOD1's only role was to protect living cells against damage from free radicals. Now, researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health have discovered that SOD1 protects cells by regulating cell energy and metabolism.
Biochemistry
Source: Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health
Posted on: Wednesday, Jan 30, 2013, 1:30pm
Rating: | Views: 1314 | Comments: 0
Vitamin D holds promise in battling a deadly breast cancer
In research published in the Jan. 21 issue of The Journal of Cell Biology, a team led by Susana Gonzalo, Ph.D., assistant professor of biochemistry and molecular biology at Saint Louis University, has discovered a molecular pathway that contributes to triple-negative breast cancer, an often deadly and treatment resistant form of cancer that tends to strike younger women. In add
Cancer
Source: Saint Louis University
Posted on: Thursday, Jan 24, 2013, 8:15am
Rating: | Views: 1365 | Comments: 0
Odd biochemistry yields lethal bacterial protein
While working out the structure of a cell-killing protein produced by some strains of the bacterium Enterococcus faecalis, researchers stumbled on a bit of unusual biochemistry. They found that a single enzyme helps form distinctly different, three-dimensional ring structures in the protein, one of which had never been observed before.
Biochemistry
Source: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Posted on: Wednesday, Jan 23, 2013, 2:30pm
Rating: | Views: 1395 | Comments: 0
Protein folding via charge zippers
Membrane proteins are the "molecular machines" in biological cell envelopes. They control diverse processes, such as the transport of molecules across the lipid membrane, signal transduction, and photosynthesis.
Biochemistry
Source: Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres
Posted on: Tuesday, Jan 22, 2013, 8:00am
Rating: | Views: 1254 | Comments: 0
Scientists discover structure of protein essential for quality control, nerve function
Using an innovative approach, scientists at The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) have determined the structure of Ltn1, a recently discovered "quality-control" protein that is found in the cells of all plants, fungi and animals.
Biochemistry
Source: Scripps Research Institute
Posted on: Tuesday, Jan 15, 2013, 2:15pm
Rating: | Views: 1454 | Comments: 0
Researchers see surprising twist to protein misfolding
An effort to develop software that unravels the complexities of how proteins fold is paying dividends in new findings on how they misfold, according to researchers at Rice University.
Biochemistry
Source: Rice University
Posted on: Tuesday, Jan 15, 2013, 2:00pm
Rating: | Views: 1410 | Comments: 0
Cancer suppressor gene links metabolism with cellular aging
It is perhaps impossible to overstate the importance of the tumor suppressor gene p53. It is the single most frequently mutated gene in human tumors. p53 keeps pre-cancerous cells in check by causing cells, among other things, to become senescent – aging at the cellular level. Loss of p53 causes cells to ignore the cellular signals that would normally make mutant or damaged cells di
Biochemistry
Source: University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Posted on: Monday, Jan 14, 2013, 11:45am
Rating: | Views: 2382 | Comments: 0
Video: Virus caught in the act of infecting a cell
The detailed changes in the structure of a virus as it infects an E. coli bacterium have been observed for the first time, report researchers from The University of Texas at Austin and The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health) Medical School this week in Science Express.
Biochemistry
Source: University of Texas at Austin
Posted on: Friday, Jan 11, 2013, 1:30pm
Rating: | Views: 3248 | Comments: 0
First image of insulin 'docking' could lead to better diabetes treatments
A landmark discovery about how insulin docks on cells could help in the development of improved types of insulin for treating both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Biochemistry
Source: Walter and Eliza Hall Institute
Posted on: Thursday, Jan 10, 2013, 12:45pm
Rating: | Views: 1340 | Comments: 0
Protein production: Going viral
A research team of scientists from EMBL Grenoble and the IGBMC in Strasbourg, France, have, for the first time, described in molecular detail the architecture of the central scaffold of TFIID: the human protein complex essential for transcription from DNA to mRNA. The study, published today in Nature, opens new perspectives in the study of transcription and of the structure and mechanism of
Biochemistry
Source: European Molecular Biology Laboratory
Posted on: Tuesday, Jan 08, 2013, 10:30am
Rating: | Views: 1234 | Comments: 0
Staphylococcus aureus: Why it just gets up your nose!
A collaboration between researchers at the School of Biochemistry and Immunology and the Department of Microbiology at Trinity College Dublin has identified a mechanism by which the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) colonizes our nasal passages. The study, published today in the Open Access journal PLOS Pathogens, shows for the first time that a protein located on th
Microbiology
Source: Public Library of Science
Posted on: Thursday, Jan 03, 2013, 8:15am
Rating: | Views: 1467 | Comments: 0
Unlocking new talents in nature
Protein engineers at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) have tapped into a hidden talent of one of nature's most versatile catalysts. The enzyme cytochrome P450 is nature's premier oxidation catalyst—a protein that typically promotes reactions that add oxygen atoms to other chemicals. Now the Caltech researchers have engineered new versions of the enzyme, unlocking i
Biochemistry
Source: California Institute of Technology
Posted on: Friday, Dec 21, 2012, 2:30pm
Rating: | Views: 1440 | Comments: 0
Poison for cancer cells
In their quest for new agents, pharmaceutical researchers test millions of substances all over the world. They like using color-forming reactions to identify new molecules. However, in intensively colored solutions or in the case of mixtures with multiple substances these tests fail.
Biochemistry
Source: Technische Universitaet Muenchen
Posted on: Friday, Dec 21, 2012, 1:15pm
Rating: | Views: 1504 | Comments: 0
Study paves way to design drugs aimed at multiple protein targets at once
An international research collaboration led by scientists at the University of North Carolina School of Medicine and the University of Dundee, in the U.K., have developed a way to efficiently and effectively make designer drugs that hit multiple protein targets at once.
Biochemistry
Source: University of North Carolina Health Care
Posted on: Thursday, Dec 13, 2012, 12:15pm
Rating: | Views: 1162 | Comments: 0
Experiment finds ulcer bug's Achilles' heel
Experiments at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory have revealed a potential new way to attack common stomach bacteria that cause ulcers and significantly increase the odds of developing stomach cancer.
Biochemistry
Source: DOE/SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
Posted on: Tuesday, Dec 11, 2012, 8:45am
Rating: | Views: 1563 | Comments: 0
Biochemists trap a chaperone machine in action
Molecular chaperones have emerged as exciting new potential drug targets, because scientists want to learn how to stop cancer cells, for example, from using chaperones to enable their uncontrolled growth. Now a team of biochemists at the University of Massachusetts Amherst led by Lila Gierasch have deciphered key steps in the mechanism of the Hsp70 molecular machine by "trapping"
Biochemistry
Source: University of Massachusetts at Amherst
Posted on: Friday, Dec 07, 2012, 12:45pm
Rating: | Views: 1183 | Comments: 0
Biophysicists unravel cellular 'traffic jams' in active transport
Inside many growing cells, an active transport system runs on nano-sized microtubule tracks that resemble a highway, complete with motors carrying cargo quickly from a central supply depot to growing tips or wherever materials are needed. In spite of the cell's busy, high-traffic environment, researchers know the system somehow works efficiently, without accidents or traffic jams.
Biochemistry
Source: University of Massachusetts at Amherst
Posted on: Tuesday, Dec 04, 2012, 2:00pm
Rating: | Views: 1199 | Comments: 0
Rules devised for building ideal protein molecules from scratch
By following certain rules, scientists can prepare architectural plans for building ideal protein molecules not found in the real world. Based on these computer renditions, previously non-existent proteins can be produced from scratch in the lab. The principles to make this happen appear this month in Nature magazine.
Biochemistry
Source: University of Washington
Posted on: Friday, Nov 30, 2012, 8:45am
Rating: | Views: 5155 | Comments: 0
Study reveals the proteins expressed by human cytomegalovirus
New findings reveal the surprisingly complex protein-coding capacity of the human cytomegalovirus, or HCMV, and provide the first steps toward understanding how the virus manipulates human cells during infection. The genome of the HCMV was first sequenced over 20 years ago, but researchers have now investigated the proteome—the complete set of expressed proteins—of this common pathogen as well.
Biochemistry
Source: American Association for the Advancement of Science
Posted on: Friday, Nov 23, 2012, 8:15am
Rating: | Views: 1335 | Comments: 0
Video: New structures self-assemble in synchronized dance
With self-assembly guiding the steps and synchronization providing the rhythm, a new class of materials forms dynamic, moving structures in an intricate dance.
Biochemistry
Source: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Posted on: Thursday, Nov 22, 2012, 2:00pm
Rating: | Views: 1727 | Comments: 0
Novel mechanism through which normal stromal cells become cancer-promoting cells identified
New understanding of molecular changes that convert harmless cells surrounding ovarian cancer cells into cells that promote tumor growth and metastasis provides potential new therapeutic targets for this deadly disease, according to data published in Cancer Discovery, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.
Biochemistry
Source: American Association for Cancer Research
Posted on: Thursday, Nov 22, 2012, 11:00am
Rating: | Views: 1231 | Comments: 0
Yeast protein breaks up amyloid fibrils and disease protein clumps differently
Several fatal brain disorders, including Parkinson's disease, are connected by the misfolding of specific proteins into disordered clumps and stable, insoluble fibrils called amyloid. Amyloid fibrils are hard to break up due to their stable, ordered structure. For example, α-synuclein forms amyloid fibrils that accumulate in Lewy Bodies in Parkinson's disease. By contrast, prot
Biochemistry
Source: University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Posted on: Tuesday, Nov 20, 2012, 5:45pm
Rating: | Views: 1451 | Comments: 0
Location, location, location: Membrane 'residence' gives proteases novel abilities
Johns Hopkins scientists have discovered a new mode of action for enzymes immersed in cellular membranes. Their experiments suggest that instead of recognizing and clipping proteins based on sequences of amino acids, these proteases' location within membranes gives them the unique ability to recognize and cut proteins with unstable structures.
Biochemistry
Source: Johns Hopkins Medicine
Posted on: Tuesday, Nov 20, 2012, 8:45am
Rating: | Views: 1212 | Comments: 0
Scientists reveal key protein interactions involved in neurodegenerative disease
Scientists from the Florida campus of The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) have defined the molecular structure of an enzyme as it interacts with several proteins involved in outcomes that can influence neurodegenerative disease and insulin resistance. The enzymes in question, which play a critical role in nerve cell (neuron) survival, are among the most prized tar
Biochemistry
Source: Scripps Research Institute
Posted on: Friday, Nov 09, 2012, 12:45pm
Rating: | Views: 1274 | Comments: 0
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