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Predictability: The brass ring for synthetic biology
Predictability is often used synonymously with "boring," as in that story or that outcome was soooo predictable. For practioners of synthetic biology seeking to engineer valuable new microbes, however, predictability is the brass ring that must be captured. Researchers with the multi-institutional partnership known as BIOFAB have become the first to grab at least a portion of this ring by unveilin
Molecular Biology
Source: DOE/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Posted on: Friday, Mar 15, 2013, 8:00am
Rating: | Views: 1430 | Comments: 0
Molecule's structure reveals new therapeutic opportunities for rare diabetes
Researchers at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute (Sanford-Burnham) have determined the complete three-dimensional structure of a protein called HNF-4α. HNF-4α controls gene expression in the liver and pancreas, switching genes on or off as needed. People with mature onset diabetes of the young (MODY1), a rare form of the disease, have inherited mu
Molecular Biology
Source: Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute
Posted on: Thursday, Mar 14, 2013, 1:15pm
Rating: | Views: 1398 | Comments: 0
Tapeworm DNA contains drug weak spots
For the first time, researchers have mapped the genomes of tapeworms to reveal potential drug targets on which existing drugs could act. The genomes provide a new resource that offers faster ways to develop urgently needed and effective treatments for these debilitating diseases.
Molecular Biology
Source: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute
Posted on: Thursday, Mar 14, 2013, 1:00pm
Rating: | Views: 1472 | Comments: 0
Polo takes the bait
A seemingly obscure gene in the female fruit fly that is only active in cells that will become eggs has led researchers at the Stowers Institute for Medical Research to the discovery of a atypical protein that lures, traps, and inactivates the powerful Polo kinase, widely considered the master regulator of cell division. Its human homolog, Polo-like kinase-1 (Plk1), is misregulated
Molecular Biology
Source: Stowers Institute for Medical Research
Posted on: Thursday, Mar 14, 2013, 11:45am
Rating: | Views: 1360 | Comments: 0
Hereditary neurodegeneration linked to ADP-ribose modification
Attaching chains of the small molecule ADP-ribose to proteins is important for a cell's survival and the repair of DNA damage, making this process a promising target for the development of new cancer drugs. Researchers have now identified a much sought after enzyme that removes such ADP-ribose modifications from proteins by studying a genetic mutation that causes neurod
Molecular Biology
Source: European Molecular Biology Organization
Posted on: Wednesday, Mar 13, 2013, 11:45am
Rating: | Views: 1492 | Comments: 0
Designing interlocking building blocks to create complex tissues
Researchers at Columbia Engineering have developed a new "plug-and-play" method to assemble complex cell microenvironments that is a scalable, highly precise way to fabricate tissues with any spatial organization or interest—such as those found in the heart or skeleton or vasculature. The study reveals new ways to better mimic the enormous complexity of tissue developme
Molecular Biology
Source: Columbia University
Posted on: Wednesday, Mar 13, 2013, 10:15am
Rating: | Views: 1351 | Comments: 0
Protein abundant in cancerous cells causes DNA 'supercoiling'
A team of USC scientists has identified a protein that can change DNA topology, making DNA twist up into a so-called "supercoil."
Molecular Biology
Source: University of Southern California
Posted on: Tuesday, Mar 12, 2013, 10:45am
Rating: | Views: 1512 | Comments: 0
Why a hereditary anemia is caused by genetic mutation in mechanically sensitive ion channel
A genetic mutation that alters the kinetics of an ion channel in red blood cells has been identified as the cause behind a hereditary anemia, according to a paper (http://bit.ly/13LgCzc) published this month in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences by University at Buffalo scientists and colleagues.
Molecular Biology
Source: University at Buffalo
Posted on: Monday, Mar 11, 2013, 11:45am
Rating: | Views: 1564 | Comments: 0
Signaling molecule may help stem cells focus on making bone despite age, disease
A signaling molecule that helps stem cells survive in the naturally low-oxygen environment inside the bone marrow may hold clues to helping the cells survive when the going gets worse with age and disease, researchers report.
Molecular Biology
Source: Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University
Posted on: Monday, Mar 11, 2013, 11:30am
Rating: | Views: 1497 | Comments: 0
Nanoparticles loaded with bee venom kill HIV
Nanoparticles carrying a toxin found in bee venom can destroy human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) while leaving surrounding cells unharmed, researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have shown. The finding is an important step toward developing a vaginal gel that may prevent the spread of HIV, the virus that causes AIDS.
Molecular Biology
Source: Washington University School of Medicine
Posted on: Monday, Mar 11, 2013, 10:30am
Rating: | Views: 2016 | Comments: 1
New study validates longevity pathway
A new study demonstrates what researchers consider conclusive evidence that the red wine compound resveratrol directly activates a protein that promotes health and longevity in animal models. What's more, the researchers have uncovered the molecular mechanism for this interaction, and show that a class of more potent drugs currently in clinical trials act in a similar fashion. Pharmaceutical compo
Molecular Biology
Source: Harvard Medical School
Posted on: Friday, Mar 08, 2013, 4:15pm
Rating: | Views: 1501 | Comments: 0
Researchers discover 'gateway' in nucleus has a second important job no one noticed before
UAlberta medical researchers and their American colleagues have discovered that the "gateway" known to control the movement of molecules in and out of a cell's nucleus appears to play another critically important role – one no one had noticed until now.
Molecular Biology
Source: University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry
Posted on: Friday, Mar 08, 2013, 2:45pm
Rating: | Views: 1468 | Comments: 0
Dual systems key to keeping chromosomes intact
USC scientists have discovered how two different structural apparatuses collaborate to protect repetitive DNA when it is at its most vulnerable – while it is being unzipped for replication.
Molecular Biology
Source: University of Southern California
Posted on: Friday, Mar 08, 2013, 1:45pm
Rating: | Views: 1300 | Comments: 0
Siberian fossil revealed to be one of the oldest known domestic dogs
Analysis of DNA extracted from a fossil tooth recovered in southern Siberia confirms that the tooth belonged to one of the oldest known ancestors of the modern dog, and is described in research published March 6 in the open access journal PLOS ONE by Anna Druzhkova from the Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Russian Federation, and colleagues from other institutions.
Archaeology
Source: Public Library of Science
Posted on: Thursday, Mar 07, 2013, 2:00pm
Rating: | Views: 2189 | Comments: 0
Flip of a single molecular switch makes an old brain young
The flip of a single molecular switch helps create the mature neuronal connections that allow the brain to bridge the gap between adolescent impressionability and adult stability. Now Yale School of Medicine researchers have reversed the process, recreating a youthful brain that facilitated both learning and healing in the adult mouse.
Neuroscience
Source: Yale University
Posted on: Thursday, Mar 07, 2013, 12:15pm
Rating: | Views: 1603 | Comments: 0
New insight into double-protected dance of cell division
Biochemists at the University of Massachusetts Amherst including assistant professor Peter Chien recently gained new insight into how protein synthesis and degradation help to regulate the delicate ballet of cell division. In particular, they reveal how two proteins shelter each other in "mutually assured cleanup" to insure that division goes smoothly and safely.
Molecular Biology
Source: University of Massachusetts at Amherst
Posted on: Thursday, Mar 07, 2013, 8:00am
Rating: | Views: 1283 | Comments: 0
Green tea extract interferes with the formation of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease
Researchers at the University of Michigan have found a new potential benefit of a molecule in green tea: preventing the misfolding of specific proteins in the brain.
Molecular Biology
Source: University of Michigan
Posted on: Wednesday, Mar 06, 2013, 4:00pm
Rating: | Views: 1474 | Comments: 0
How cells optimize the functioning of their power plants
Mitochondria, which are probably derived from distant bacterial ancestors incorporated into our cells, have their own DNA. However, we know little about how these organelles, which convert oxygen and consumed nutrients into energy, regulate the expression of their own genes. Jean-Claude Martinou, professor at the University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland, and his team, have discovered the existenc
Molecular Biology
Source: University de Geneve
Posted on: Wednesday, Mar 06, 2013, 2:00pm
Rating: | Views: 1356 | Comments: 0
Viruses: More survival tricks than previously thought
Among eukaryotes with modified nuclear genetic codes, viruses are unknown. Until now it had been believed that the modifications to the genetic code effectively prevented new viral infections. However, researchers have now reported the first example of a virus that can be shown to have crossed the boundary from organisms using the standard genetic code to those with an alternate genetic code.
Molecular Biology
Source: PeerJ
Posted on: Wednesday, Mar 06, 2013, 8:45am
Rating: | Views: 1265 | Comments: 0
Discovery of 'executioner' protein opens door to new options for stroke ALS, spinal cord injury
Oxidative stress turns a protein that normally protects healthy cells into their executioner, according to a study released today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences journal.
Molecular Biology
Source: University of Central Florida
Posted on: Tuesday, Mar 05, 2013, 1:15pm
Rating: | Views: 1298 | Comments: 0
DNA's twisted communication
During embryo development, genes are dynamically, and very precisely, switched on and off to confer different properties to different cells and build a well-proportioned and healthy animal. Fgf8 is one of the key genes in this process, controlling in particular the growth of the limbs and the formation of the different regions of the brain. Researchers at EMBL have elucidated how Fgf8 in mammal em
Molecular Biology
Source: European Molecular Biology Laboratory
Posted on: Friday, Mar 01, 2013, 2:00pm
Rating: | Views: 1289 | Comments: 0
Study identifies growth factor essential to the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor
A multi-institutional team led by Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) researchers has identified a molecular pathway that appears to be essential for the growth and spread of medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor in children. In their report in the Feb. 28 issue of Cell, they show that blocking this pathway – which involves interactions between tumor cells and the surround
Cancer
Source: Massachusetts General Hospital
Posted on: Friday, Mar 01, 2013, 1:00pm
Rating: | Views: 1238 | Comments: 0
New study shows viruses can have immune systems
A study published today in the journal Nature reports that a viral predator of the cholera bacteria has stolen the functional immune system of bacteria and is using it against its bacterial host. The study provides the first evidence that this type of virus, the bacteriophage ("phage" for short), can acquire a wholly functional and
Molecular Biology
Source: Tufts University, Health Sciences Campus
Posted on: Thursday, Feb 28, 2013, 11:15am
Rating: | Views: 1310 | Comments: 0
Video: Seeing through HIV's disguises
Studying HIV-1, the most common and infectious HIV subtype, Johns Hopkins scientists have identified 25 human proteins "stolen" by the virus that may be critical to its ability to infect new cells. HIV-1 viruses capture many human proteins from the cells they infect but the researchers believe these 25 proteins may be particularly important because they are found in HIV-1 viruses coming from two v
Molecular Biology
Source: Johns Hopkins Medicine
Posted on: Thursday, Feb 28, 2013, 10:15am
Rating: | Views: 1647 | Comments: 0
Novel combination therapy shuts down escape route, killing glioblastoma tumor cells
Glioblastoma, the most common and lethal form of brain tumor in adults, is challenging to treat because the tumors rapidly become resistant to therapy. As cancer researchers are learning more about the causes of tumor cell growth and drug resistance, they are discovering molecular pathways that might lead to new targeted therapies to potent
Cancer
Source: Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research
Posted on: Wednesday, Feb 27, 2013, 11:30am
Rating: | Views: 1402 | Comments: 0
Scientists' findings disclose a new and much needed test for river blindness infection
Scientists at The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) have found a telltale molecular marker for Onchocerciasis or "river blindness," a parasitic infection that affects tens of millions of people in Africa, Latin America and other tropical regions. The newly discovered biomarker, detectable in patients' urine, is secreted by Onchocerca volvulus worms during
Epidemiology
Source: Scripps Research Institute
Posted on: Tuesday, Feb 26, 2013, 11:30am
Rating: | Views: 1992 | Comments: 0
Putting malaria on the SHELPH
Experts have disabled a unique member of the signalling proteins which are essential for the development of the malaria parasite. They have produced a mutant lacking the ancient bacterial Shewanella-like protein phosphatase known as SHLP1 (pronounced shelph). This mutant is unable to complete its complex life cycle and is arrested in its development in the mosquito. The discovery could help in the
Molecular Biology
Source: University of Nottingham
Posted on: Monday, Feb 25, 2013, 5:00pm
Rating: | Views: 1376 | Comments: 0
Reprogramming cells to fight diabetes
For years researchers have been searching for a way to treat diabetics by reactivating their insulin-producing beta cells, with limited success. The "reprogramming" of related alpha cells into beta cells may one day offer a novel and complementary approach for treating type 2 diabetes. Treating human and mouse cells with compounds that modify cell nuclear material called chromatin i
Molecular Biology
Source: University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Posted on: Monday, Feb 25, 2013, 12:30pm
Rating: | Views: 1298 | Comments: 0
Study reveals new clues to Epstein-Barr virus
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) affects more than 90 percent of the population worldwide and was the first human virus found to be associated with cancer. Now, researchers from Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) have broadened the understanding of this widespread infection with their discovery of a second B-cell attachment receptor for EBV.
Molecular Biology
Source: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Posted on: Friday, Feb 22, 2013, 12:45pm
Rating: | Views: 1339 | Comments: 0
Life's tiniest architects pinpointed by researchers
If a genome is the blueprint for life, then the chief architects are tiny slices of genetic material that orchestrate how we are assembled and function, Yale School of Medicine researchers report Feb. 21 in the journal Developmental Cell.
Molecular Biology
Source: Yale University
Posted on: Friday, Feb 22, 2013, 12:30pm
Rating: | Views: 1241 | Comments: 0
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